Category: Food

Very few folks posted papers in December and January relating to FDA law, but hopefully the February law journal submission cycle will yield a rich crop.  Here are two essays and one article of potential interest – one each on medical devices, biological products, and food.  (I am excluding my own paper.)

Sarah Duranske, Reforming Regenerative Medicine Regulation

In this article forthcoming in the Georgia State Law Review, Duranske (currently a fellow at Stanford) (* edited to correct the spelling of her last name!) evaluates proposals for regulation of regenerative medicine.  She has several interesting ideas tucked in here, any of which could have been the basis for an article in its own right.  Section I contains a nice overview of the current regulatory paradigm for therapies that fall within the umbrella of “regenerative medicine” — including the recently enacted accelerated approval pathway for “regenerative medicine advanced therapies.”  Section II responds to deregulation arguments, arguing that FDA regulation is necessary to protect patients and to ensure the development of meaningful data.  Much of this retreads familiar ground, but the discussion of “Baptists and bootleggers” alliances with respect to regenerative medicine is very interesting.  This phenomenon is pervasive in food and drug law and merits more discussion in scholarship.  Section III is where the article gets interesting.  Here, she considers proposals for “adaptive licensing” of regenerative products.  The basic idea is that FDA would approve a product on the basis of less evidence, but would restrict access while the sponsor gathered more evidence from clinical use.  She characterizes adaptive licensing as a type of adaptive management — a particular type of process that an agency might use to produce a regulatory outcome. She then assesses the suitability of regenerative medicine for adaptive licensing by running it through the various rationales in the administrative law literature for adaptive management at agencies.  This leads her to the conclusion that the benefits of adaptive licensing do not outweigh its risks.  Section IV contains a brief discussion of her proposals — for instance, shifting some regenerative therapies to the more loose regulatory paradigm governing human tissue and cell products.  But I wanted to read much more about her ideas.

Jane R. Bambauer, Dr. Robot

In this essay published in the UC Davis Law Review, Professor Bambauer considers whether health and medical artificial intelligence (AI) should be regulated more like physicians or medical devices.  When the application is a “knowledge” app rather than a “measurement” app, she argues, physicians are the better analogy.  Some of the duties of a physician (such as the duty of competence and the duty of confidentiality) translate well, but she is more guarded about other rules (rules of informed consent, for instance, and the duty to disclose conflicts of interest).

Laurie Beyranevand, Regulating Inherently Subjective Food Labeling Claims

In this essay published in Environmental Law, Professor Beyranevand essentially argues that FDA should ban claims like “natural” and “healthy” in food labeling.  The statute imposes clear rules governing specific types of claims, such as “health claims” and “nutrient content claims.”  She is focused on claims that are not covered by these specific claims-authorizing provisions of the statute.  And she argues that FDA should subject these claims to a standard of “significant scientific agreement” — that is, permitting them only if there is significant scientific agreement.  The FDCA already uses this standard for health claims, which generally characterize a specific relationship between a food product and a health condition or disease.  She also believes it would be virtually impossible to support a claim like “natural” and “healthy” under this standard.  So, in essence, she is arguing for a ban.  Finally, although the federal courts have concluded that the First Amendment requires FDA to consider disclaimers for health claims that lack significant scientific agreement, she contends that the First Amendment is no impediment to the proposal.  I think the idea is that if a claim is inherently subjective, then a disclaimer isn’t going to clear things up (there’s x amount of data, but not y).  It’s just going to confuse consumers more.